The Dublin Descriptors
The Dublin Descriptors, together with ECTS, form the basis for the development of the Qualifications Framework for the European Higher Education Area, which broadly defines the expected level of knowledge and skills associated with qualifications awarded upon completion of successive stages of higher education. They are based on five elements of education:
- Knowledge and Understanding
- Applying knowledge and understanding
- Making judgements
- Communication skills
- Learning skills
The Dublin Descriptors are not prescriptive, do not specify minimum requirements, do not refer to specific subjects, fields or disciplines, but are based on the so-called ‘generic competences’ of graduates. They only define the nature of a given qualification and should be interpreted in the context of the subject matter and language of the discipline.
Descriptions are defined for each of the three education cycles. They describe the typical achievements of students obtaining a diploma, but they are not programme/content standards; rather, they are based on the so-called generic competences of graduates. They are not specific to particular subjects or fields of knowledge – they should be interpreted in the context of the subject matter and language of the discipline.
A – knowledge and orientation
First cycle
students represent a level typical for advanced studies, and in addition, in the field of their basic specialisation, they take into account the latest trends resulting from the experience of leaders in a given specialisation
Second cycle
students have the skills, knowledge and artistic orientation that enable graduates to demonstrate originality in developing and/or applying ideas in the practical and/or creative sphere, often in a research context;
Third cycle
students demonstrate a deep and specialised orientation in their field of study and mastery of the skills and research methods related to their specialisation.
B – use of skills, knowledge and orientation
Level 1
students have competences in practical (executive) and/or creative activities in solving problems related to a given specialisation;
Level II
students have the ability to solve problems in new or unfamiliar environments, in a broader (or multidisciplinary) context related to their specialisation;
Level III
students demonstrate the ability to create, design, apply and adapt research methods, and do so with artistic and scientific rigour.
C – ability to form judgements
Level I
students demonstrate the ability to collect and interpret relevant data;
Level II
students demonstrate the ability to integrate knowledge and accurately interpret complex phenomena and problems, as well as to express opinions and judgements based on incomplete or limited information;
Level III
students are capable of critically analysing, evaluating and synthesising new and complex ideas, concepts and artistic processes.
D – communication skills
Level I
students are able to convey information and artistic ideas, formulate thoughts, present problems and their solutions;
Level II
students are able to convey their solutions and thoughts to professional and non-professional audiences and, if relevant to their field of study, their knowledge and its premises;
Level III
students are able to communicate with their colleagues, the artistic and academic community, and the wider public on matters relating to their field.
E – learning skills
First cycle
students have developed the learning skills necessary to continue their studies with a high degree of autonomy;
Second cycle
students' skills will enable them to continue their autonomous studies, focused on independence;
Level III
students can be expected to play a creative role in social and cultural development.
